Malfunctions with blowback type operation can occur for many reasons including both ammunition and operator error. If the ammunition did not have enough gunpowder in the casing when it was fired you may end up with a failure to extract or failure to eject type malfunction. This could also result in a squib load where the bullet pushes from its casing but never exits the barrel. Without the energy required to blow back the slide or bolt on the firearm you may experience a short stroke that prevented the extraction and ejection of the casing. It is important that the person purchasing the ammunition knows the difference between factory ammunition and REMAN or remanufactured ammunition. Factory-made ammunition can still have this happen but not very often because of their quality checks in place to prevent this. If you decide to purchase remanufactured ammunition, you need to trust the manufacturer did so correctly. More often when I see issues with ammunition it is remanufactured.
Switching to the topic of operator error, if the user of the firearm is limp wristing with a pistol then the slide will short stroke and create a failure to eject type malfunction. This is also referred to as a stove pipe malfunction because when the spent casing gets caught in the ejection port it looks like a stove pipe coming out. The user must be able to manage the recoil of the pistol in order for proper operation to occur. If not holding the frame in place as the pistol recoils then some of the energy required for a full cycle of the slide is gone and it will usually extract the spent casing but not eject it. Also, in some cases it may not re-cock the firearm or feed the next round of ammunition. As a gunsmith I would ask a series of questions to determine if the operator is the issue or if the ammunition is. Questions like how old the ammunition is and how it was stored will likely tell me if the ammunition is bad. Asking questions like is the casing getting stuck in the ejection port when firing may tell me it was operator error. Finally, test firing the firearm to see if you can recreate the malfunction the owner is complaining of may give you your answer as well. this makes it easier to identify what the actual problem is.
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